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Studies in Qing History    2022, 0 (5): 1-14.   Abstract （1498）      PDF（pc） （10835KB）（17450）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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ZHANG Jun-Feng journal6    2004, 0 (2): 117-122.   Abstract （1051）      PDF（pc） （254KB）（5858）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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The Qing Jinshenlu Database : A New Source for the Study of Qing Officialdom REN Yuxue etal journal6    2016, 0 (4): 61-77.   Abstract （4356）      PDF（pc） （3631KB）（5736）       Knowledge map    Save This essay introduces a major new database, based on the Jinshenlu, for the study of Chinese officialdom and Chinese society during the last imperial dynasty, the Qing, who ruled from 1644 to 1911. For almost two centuries, the Qing government and private publishers published a Jinshenlu every three months with the names and particulars of all civil, and sometimes military，officials. We are transcribing 400 of these quarterly editions dating from 1661 to 1917 into a database，beginning with 206 containing approximately 2 800 000 records of 400 000 officials republished by the Tsinghua University Library as the《清代缙绅录集成》. Based on our initial transcription of 652 984 records of 145 770 officials from 47 editions, we demonstrate the potential of these data for the study of official careers. We contrast bannermen, who had their own appointment system，with civil officials who passed the civil service examinations ,and other officials who purchased their appointments. Moreover, we demonstrate that these Jinshenlu records can be linked to records in other systematic sources on the Qing imperial lineage, on examination degree holders , and on office purchasers. The resulting combined data provide an important opportunity to understand Qing political and social elites. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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HE Juan journal6    1994, 0 (2): 78-82.   Abstract （867）      PDF（pc） （1062KB）（5590）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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An Analysis of the Political Significance of Huang Taiji’s Acquisition of "The Imperial Seal" of the Mongolian Empire in 1635 ZHONG Han Studies in Qing History    Accepted: 20 April 2021

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ZHONG Li-Man, GENG Zuo-Che, LI Jun, XING Hong-Wei, WANG Ke, ZHANG Yong-Bao, ZOU Shu-Yun, XIA Pu, LI Yi-Guo, ZHANG Xin-Wei, ZHANG Da-Ming, SONG Chao-Jin, PAN Guan-Min journal6    2008, 0 (4): 1-12.   Abstract （5035）      PDF（pc） （1415KB）（5353）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Locating Shengjing in Qing Political Culture: The Posting, Circulating and Reading of the Imperial Poem “Ode to Shengjing” ZHANG Yichi journal6    2018, 0 (1): 37-51.   Abstract （1569）      PDF（pc） （1520KB）（5157）       Knowledge map    Save In Emperor Qianlong’s famous poem “Ode to Shengjing”, which was written during his first imperial tour of the ancestral tombs at Shengjing in 1743, the emperor associates“Shengjing”with three features of the Qing imperial political culture: God’s blessing for the advantageous natural environment, Manchu moral kindness from the pure local customs and etiquette, and the historical memory of the inception of Qing state. Through the publication and circulation of the poem among officials and literati through administrative and cultural channels, the Qianlong emperor succeeded in disseminating the ideology beyond literary circles and thus had political implications as well. This micro case reveals that the High Qing state’s approaches and ability to influence elite consciousness. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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XIA Quan journal6    2002, 0 (4): 122-124.   Abstract （1109）      PDF（pc） （177KB）（4924）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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A Preliminary analysis of the Administration of Towns in the Qing Dynasty ZHANG Yan journal6    1999, 0 (1): 39-52.   Abstract （827）      PDF（pc） （1054KB）（4644）       Knowledge map    Save Based on abundant historical evidence, the author examines the management of towns in the Qing from a variety of angles and draws she following conclusions:1)the town played a pivotal role between city and countryside and between upper and lower classes;2)town management of the Qing government had two important components, defense and tax revenue;3)the town management of the Qing was restricted by many factors;4)the official management system of towns maintained close links with the non-government management system. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Qing Emperors Conceptions of China GUO Cheng-Kang journal6    2005, 0 (4): 1-18.   Abstract （3207）      PDF（pc） （1002KB）（4626）       Knowledge map    Save At the end of the third year of the Xuantong reign, prior to the emperor’s abdication, the Empress Dowager Longyu,proclaimed to all subjects, that“it is the sincere hope that all the people will enjoy a settled life, peace will reign through out the land, the integrated territory, including the five nationalities of Manchu, Mongol, Han, Hui, and Tibetan, will still combine to form a great Chinese nation state.”Through several thousands years’of historical sediment, the notion of“China”and“Chinese nationality”, which had gone through many hardships and revisions, was given the final word by Qing dynasty. From this perspective, the Qing dynasty not only bequeathed the present Chinese territory and the material wealth of united multi-nationalities country, but also the precious spiritual legacy of the content and denotation of“China”and  “Chinese nationality.” Related Articles | Metrics

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PAN Xiang-Ming journal6    1993, 0 (3): 95-104.   Abstract （1224）      PDF（pc） （3094KB）（4378）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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ZHANG Mian-Li journal6    1999, 0 (2): 113-117+124.   Abstract （1104）      PDF（pc） （695KB）（4372）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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" Secret Code of the Fragrant Flower Monk"," The Wan-Wu Daozong","The Story of Xilu" and the Origins of The Heaven and Earth Society QIN Bao-Qi journal6    2007, 0 (3): 64-72.   Abstract （3289）      PDF（pc） （462KB）（4280）       Knowledge map    Save The discovery in the 1990s o f the ru ins o f the Chang lin M onastery, the relics of Wan- Wu Daozong, in Fujian, and what Luo Zhao has called them anuscripts of the “Secret Code of the Fragrant Flower Monk”caused quite a stir in academia. “The Secret Code,” which is copied some materials related with Heaven and Earth Society, and Luo Zhao confirmed it mainly written by Wan-W u Daozong, so it is regarded as valuable historical source for studying the origin of Heaven and Earth Society. Wan- Wu Daozong as the founder of the Heaven and Earth Society. Some scholars believe this find was a “major breakthrough” in the research on origins of the Heaven and Earth Society.  In 2006 this author visited the abbot of Kulai Temple on Dongshan Island in Fujian and examined the authentic source o f the “secret code”. In comparison, the author found that the source was not related to the content of Heaven and Earth Society. The Heaven and Earth Society figures and poems contained in these recent discoveries were added afterwards?? The word “Tongmenghui” was in the “Secret Code” , so it is impossible the work was handed down from Wan- Wu Daozong during Kangxi period. Therefore it cannot be taken as a source for studying the origins of Heaven and Earth Society. Conclusions based on it do not stand up.  But the discovery of the ruins of Chang lin Monastery contributes to understanding the story o f Xilu in “Record of the Society” of Heaven and Earth Society. Related Articles | Metrics

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LIU Wen-Peng journal6    2009, 0 (4): 132-138.   Abstract （1267）      PDF（pc） （467KB）（4126）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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QIU Zhi-Hong journal6    2005, 0 (2): 104-108.   Abstract （973）      PDF（pc） （396KB）（3988）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Textual Research on the Total Number of Civilian Jinshi in the Qing Dynasty MAO Xiao-Yang, JIN Su journal6    2005, 0 (4): 63-77.   Abstract （2522）      PDF（pc） （2815KB）（3957）       Knowledge map    Save How many civilian jinshi successful candidates in the highest imperial examination, were there in the Qing Dynasty?Until now we have not had a consistent answer Major historical works, such as the Qing Shigao, Qing Shilu, Qing chao Wenxian Tongkao, and others, all provide different numbers .Other checklists and indexes of jinshi of the Ming and Qing Dynasty however, provide not only the number of jinshi passing each examination, but also the nam e, native place and the ranking of every jinshi The author has found that the record in Ming Qing .Like Jinshi Tmiing Beilu is more credible also practicable source for the total number of jinshi .Based on careful analysis and textual research, the author found a total of 26, 849 jinshi in the Qing Dynasty. Related Articles | Metrics

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Performance Differences of Chinese and British Cannons during the First Opium War LIU Hong-Liang journal6    2006, 0 (3): 31-42.   Abstract （3806）      PDF（pc） （635KB）（3886）       Knowledge map    Save During the First Opium War, there were no substantive differences between the firing rate, range, precision, of Chinese and British muzzle-loader and smooth-bore cannons.However, the British army’s theory of artillery, material used to make the cannons, quality of their ammunition, casting technology, carronade’s performance, mobility and firing rate of its canons, were superior to Chinese army.Meanwhile, the quantity, quality, tactics, and organization of the Qing army, as well as its intelligence, training, and quality of the commanding officers were inferior to British army.These factors influenced the effective kill rate of Chinese and British cannons, magnified the limited gap between two countries’artillery, and created enormous differences in fighting capacity between the two armies. Related Articles | Metrics

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An Introduction to the Law History of the Qing Dynasty ZHANG Jin-Fan journal6    2002, 0 (3): 17-25.   Abstract （1699）      PDF（pc） （599KB）（3867）       Knowledge map    Save As the last dynasty of imperial China, the Qing not only surpassed the previous dynasties in the economic aspect, but also claimed a significant progress in the building of law system. Through examining the academic value, historical significance, and development of Qing’s law system in its different stages, this article intends to describe the rise and decline of Qing’s law system. Related Articles | Metrics

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Possessing Unrecognized Talent: The Pathway of the Country Gentleman Liu Dapeng’s Whole Life XING Long journal6    2005, 0 (2): 69-80.   Abstract （1167）      PDF（pc） （667KB）（3831）       Knowledge map    Save Liu Dapeng was a country gentleman whose lifetime spanned both the Qing Dynasty and Republican Era.Liu took part in the imperial exam five times and taught at a private school for twenty years.He was a farmer and a businessman for many years in his home town after the abolishment of the imperial exam system.In this study , the author breaks with the convention of“question consciousness”, using the method of historical narration to outline the track of the Liu Da-Peng’s entire life. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Battle of Dalinghe City YAN Chong-Nian journal6    2003, 0 (1): 48-58.   Abstract （2910）      PDF（pc） （752KB）（3815）       Knowledge map    Save In the battle of Dalinghe city, the Later Jin won a strategic victory, while the Ming dynasty suffered a strategic failure.Combining seige tactics, negotiation, attack, and cutting off Ming reinforcements, the Later Jin attained victory. As a result of this battle the Later Jin forced the Ming general Zhu Dashou to surrender and destroyed the city of Dalinghe. The important direct influences of this battle were: (1) the Later Jin reorganized its military system and established the eight Han banners; (2) the Later Jin adjusted its strategy, troops penetrating into the Chinese interior via Mongolia; (3) it accelerated the destruction of the Ming dynasty. Related Articles | Metrics