Abstract: This article seeks to answer three questions regarding the Eight-Nation Allied Army's intervention against the Boxer Movement. First, was the intervention of the Eight-Nation Allied Army a war between the foreign powers and China, or the foreign powers and the Qing government against the Boxers? Second, who should take responsibility for instigating the war? Third, should the clique in the Qing court that advocated peace be praised?

摘要： 本文对以下三个问题进行了严密的考辨，即：一，八国联军战争是列强对中国的战争还是列强和清政府对义和团的战争?二，挑起战争的责任应由谁承担?三，袁昶等主和派是否值得赞扬?