Abstract: This article focuses on administrative system and characteristics of Xinjiang before the founding of the province. According to the author，because of the unique social environment in Xinjiang，the Grand Minister Superintendent of Xinjiang could not directly undertake simple and unified management. There was a need to divide the region and to share responsibility with other senior military and political officials. Under the Limin system (migration into Xinjiang from China proper)，counties were established earlier East of Tianshan Mountains. However，in the North Tianshan Mountains，the change from the Limin associate magistrate to Fumin associate magistrate appeared before counties had yet to be established. Under Military Administration，the configuration of officials for Limin mostly followed the pattern of the banner staff as the principal seal-holding official and the Han staff as the assistant. These offices should follow the instructions of Urumqi Banner Commander-in-Chief and the Grand Minister Superintendent of Xinjiang，and were managed indirectly by the Governor of Shaanxi and Gansu. This was a unique pattern.

摘要： 本文重点探讨了清代新疆建省以前的行政管理体制及其特点,认为由于新疆独特的社会环境,伊犁将军无法对全疆简单实行一元化的直辖管理,需要划分区域并由其他高级军政官员来分担职责。就理民(指内地进入新疆的民人)体制而言,天山东路较早建立了州县体系,北路则经历了从理民同知到抚民同知的变化而未达到州县阶段。军府制下民政官员的配置大多遵循正职—满员(旗员),佐贰—汉员的原则,上承乌鲁木齐都统或伊犁将军的指令,兼受陕甘总督的制约,呈现出其他地方所不见的独特格局。