Abstract: Among legal historians there are three principal viewpoints regarding the administrative divisions of the local judiciary in the Qing Dynasty. Although scholars have reached different conclusions, they agree on the overall structure. There were four levels of judicial review in the Qing dynasty through an examination of cases that were reversed drawn from the Board of Punishment Imperial Registers of overturned cases. But the administrative divisions of the local judiciary were not static or absolute. Taking a macroscopic view of judicial administration primarily relying on cases from Shanxi, Hupei provinces, this article examines the changing judicial process for criminal cases in directly administered prefectures, specifically the transmission of cases by the circuit-level official. In this way, the author generalizes comprehensively both the changing and stable characteristics of local judicial administration and the background of local administrative practice. These two different aspects of judicial administration, flexibility and stability, both reflect the importance of local officials, such as Governors, Surveillance Commissioners, Provincial Administration Commissioners, and Circuit Intendants. Moreover, central government and local officials held different views due to their different positions in handling of judicial affairs.

摘要： 学界关于清代地方审级的划分有三种主要观点,它们既有结论上的分歧也存在共通之处。本文利用议驳类刑部黄册,从驳案改正的角度,证实清代地方四层基本审级。地方审级的划分不是绝对的静态概念,本文在行政实践的宏观范畴下,重点依据山西、湖南两省的个案,动态考察地方审级中直隶厅州本管案件是否经由"道"审转的变化调整过程。地方审级等制度规定在动态运行中具有变通性,但相对稳定是其另一特点,行政实践下的地方审级是动态变通性和相对稳定性的统一。而在具体层面,中央和地方官员、地方内部的督抚与司道,又因为职位不同而使得彼此的立场与思维略有差别。