Abstract: The?continuous?growth?of?regulations?(li)?in?the?Qing?Dynasty?has?been?documented?and?explained?by?voluminous?literature.?However,?this?paper?finds?that?this?literature?does?not?capture?the full?picture.?The?upward?trend?in?the?number?of?new?regulations?(li) in the Great Qing Code (Da Qing Lü Li)?was?not?sustained?throughout?the?entire?Qing?Dynasty.?Additionally,?the?patterns?in?the?growth?of?new?regulations?(li)?were?of?different?for?various?types?of?regulations.?The?growth?of?regulations?(Li) mainly?occurred?before?the?middle?period?of?the?Qianlong?reign,?but?afterwards?there?was?a?decline.?However,?the?decline?in?the?growth?rate?of?new?regulations?and precedents?(zeli) of the central government departments?of?the?bureaucracy?was?relatively?weaker?and?not?as?sustained?as?regulations?(li) in the Great Qing Code.?With?the?change?in?the?number,?the?structure?of?the?regulations?(li) has also changed. The?importance?of?“enacting?regulations?based?on?cases”?increased?compared?with?“enacting?regulations?based?on?high?rank?officers’?suggestions.”?The?tendency?toward?“criminalization”?in?the?Great Qing Code?was?also?strengthened.?In?the?meantime,?“governing officials”?remained?the?main?source?of?central?regulations for the Great Qing Code.?Governing?officials?also?shaped?the?relationship?between?local?government and society, and this provided room for private regulations to gain legal validity indirectly.This?source?of?legislation?increased?the?adaptability?of?the?governance?of?the?Qing?Dynasty.

摘要：

对于清代例的修订，它在数量上的不断增长引人瞩目，学界从不同的角度对此予以了解释。本文发现，清代例的增长并不持续，各类例之间亦存在差异。律例的增长主要是在乾隆中期以前实现的，在这之后即出现了中落，而部院则例的增速下降相对更弱，且不如律例持续。随着数量的变化，例的结构亦有变化，“因案生例”相比“因言生例”的重要性上升，《大清律例》呈现出“刑律化”的倾向。同时，中央部门的例始终以“治吏”为主体，但通过“治吏”也规范了地方的官民关系，使得民间的规范有一定的空间上升为地方层面的法规范，从而实现更加有弹性的治理。