Abstract:      The military scribe (ZISHI) was the most basic level staff in charge of processing
documents for the Green Standard Army during the Qing Dynasty. Originating in the Ming Dynasty, the
system of military scribes continued operating under the Shunzhi reign and was took shape during the
mid- Kangxi reign. Most of these scribes were selected from the battalions by their officers. They were
paid without receiving military training, so there was an attempt to replace them with military clerks
during the Yongzheng period. Nevertheless, military officers kept this system for various reasons, related
to the military budget or their own interests. Therefore, military scribes were widespread, and this
system was difficult to abolish. To solve this problem and ensure the effective transmission of military
documents, the Qing court made corresponding regulations on the amount, status, and allocation of
military scribes in the mid - and late Qianlong period. The gradual institutionalization of military scribes
was a compromise and pragmatic measure when the military power had difficulty to reach the grass
roots society. However, problems resulting from the limited literacy of military officers could not be
ignored.

Key words:  , Qing Dynasty, the Green Standard Army, military scribe, military management, , information of documents

摘要：      字识是清代绿营中文书信息处理最底端的兵种， 由明代识字兵承袭而来，顺治初已在军事运
转中出现，迟至康熙中期初具规模。字识多由武官从营内兵丁中挑选，因荒废操练却占食名粮，雍正朝试
图以武职经制书吏替代字识，但各级武官基于军务成本及自身利益等因素，依旧将其保留。在字识广泛存
在且难以裁撤的境况下，为解决虛兵空额问题，同时确保军政文书的有效运行，乾隆中后期陆续对字识的
数额、待遇及拔补做出相应规定。字识日渐制度化是军事权力难以深入基层的妥协和务实措置，然而因绿

营武官识字有限，其衍生的问题亦不容忽视。