清代乾隆时期的彭家屏案一般被认为是文字狱，但实际上彭家屏之所以被杀，有着深刻的党争背景他。是李卫的亲信，在与鄂尔泰的派系斗争中充当急先锋，他的升迁、 被重用，到失宠、 被杀，与当时的党争形势，特别是鄂派势力的消长密切相关。然而，在这一切的背后，始终有乾隆帝在背后做推手，这反映出乾隆帝本人驾驭党争手段的变化。本文通过使用大量未刊档案，揭示了彭家屏为官经历，以及他与乾隆帝、 鄂派势力之间错综复杂的关系，而文字狱或许只是专制帝王整肃派系、 消除党争残余的手段。

The case of Peng Jiaping is usually regarded as an example of literary inquisition，but the reality is that his death was deeply related to tofactionalism at that time. As a trusted follower of Li Wei，Peng was in the vanguard of the factional fighting between Li Wei and Eertai，both who were ministers to Emperor Yongzheng. Peng’s experience from promotion and prominence to his fall from grace and death，was closely related to factional struggle，especially the growth and decline of Eertai’s faction. However, in the end it was Emperor Qianlong’s behind the scenes machinations that were decisive. This demonstrated the variety of methods the emperor used to control divisive factionalism. Relying on numerous unpublished archives，this article reveals Peng’s true experience as an official，and the complicated relationship between Peng，the Emperor, and the Eertai’s faction. The article also shows that the so-called literary inquisition perhaps was just a method for the emperor to attack and eliminate the influence of factionalism.