利用 １７６６ 至 １７７５ 年、 １８３６ 至 １８４５ 年这 ２０ 年间 １２１６３ 件刑科题本债务命案， 考察以命案结束的借贷交易在契约订立和执行方面的特征， 发现在契约订立方面， 这些借贷交易以口头约定为主， 大部分借贷的借款额小， 零利率多， 很少有抵押或担保， 借期短且常常不明确； 而在契约执行方面， 则以贷方自 己执行债权为主， 保人参与调解或通过诉讼解决的交易很少。 这些借贷交易表现出明显的模糊性特征， 通过列举若干案例， 发现这一特征是引发命案的重要诱因。

Using a sample of 12163 debt homicide cases for 1766 - 1775 and 1836 - 1845，collected from homicide reports of Qing Dynasty，this paper explores the characteristics of debt contracts formation and execution. We find that，on the formation side，these contracts are mostly made orally，with relative small capital amount，lots of zero-interest rate loans and short and often not clear loan period，and usually without collateral or guarantors. On the execution side，most deals are executed by lenders themselves， guarantors are rarely involved in resolving disputes，and very few disputes are submitted to court. These lending transactions display a remarkable feature of vagueness. By listing several cases，we find that this kind of vagueness is one of important causes of violence.