生产指标是判断作物在农业生产结构中地位与作用的指示器。由于历史资料的缺乏、数据统计的混乱，清至民国时期美洲作物实际生产情况学术界众说纷纭，莫衷一是，直接影响到对此期美洲作物在农业生产和社会经济中地位与作用的判断。本文在对大量第一手历史数据进行辨伪、比勘、修正的基础上，利用传统约简式统计方法，对玉米、番薯两种主要粮食作物的播种面积、总产、单产做了细致的估算，分析了这些作物生产对农业生产的深远影响，厘清了学术界对清至民国时期美洲作物在农业生产中地位和影响的争议和一些模糊认识。
Abstract
Crop indicators is an indicator to judge its status and function in the agricultural production structure． However，due to the lack of historical data，the chaos of data statistics，American crops actual production situation from the Qing Dynasty to the Ｒepublic of China have different opinions in academic circles，unable to decide which is right，directly impact on the status and role of the American crop in the agricultural production and social economy in this period． Based on detection of forgeries，comparison，correction in a large number of first-hand historical data，using the traditional reduction statistics method，detailed estimating maize and sweet potato，two kinds of main grain crops sown area，total production， yield，to analysis the profound influence of these crops on agricultural production，to clarify the American crops in agricultural production status and influence from the Qing Dynasty to the Ｒepublic of China of the controversy and some vague understanding in academic circles．
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
Cao Shuji. Zhongguo renkou shi (Population History of China: Fifth Volumes), Shanghai: fudan daxue chubanshe, 2005．
Chen S, Kung K S. “Of Maize and Men: the Effect of a New World Crop on Population and Economic Growth in China”. Journal of Economic Growth 1 (2013) ．
Dwight H.Perkins. Agricultural Development in China, 1368～1968, trans. by Song Haiwen et al. Shanghai:shanghai yilin chubanshe, 1984.
Guo Songyi. “Qingdai beifang hangzuogu de liangshi shengchan”(Grain Production of Chinese Northern Farming Region in the Qing Dynasty), Zhongguo jingjishi yanjiu (Researches In Chinese Economic History) 1 (1995).
Jia R. “Weather Shocks,Sweet Potatoes and Peasant Revolts in Historical China”. The Economic Journal 575(2014).
Lin Xinsheng, Wang Siming. “Jinshinianlai meizhou zuowu shi yanjiu zhongshu”(Summary and Research of Histoty of American Crops over the Past Decade), zhongguo shehui jingji shi yanjiu (The Journal of Chinese Social and Economic History) 1 ( 2016).
Nunn N &Qian N．“The Columbian Exchange: A History of Disease, Food, and Ideas”． The Journal of Economic Perspectives 2 (2010).
Wang Baoning. “Qianlong nianjian de zaihuang yu fanshu yinzhong”(Famine and the Introduction of Sweat Potatoes in Shandong in Qianlong Era), Zhongguo nongshi (Agricultural History of China) 3 (2013).
Wu Hui. zhongguo lidai liangshi muchan yanjiu (Study on the Yield of Grain per Mu in Successive Dynasties of China), Beijing: nongye chubanshe, 1985.
Wang Jiahua. “Yinian liangzuoqhi jiangnan diqu puji wenti zai tantao”(The Study of a Yearly Two Cropping System’s Popularization in Jiangnan of Republic of China), Zhongguo shehui jingji shi yanjiu ( The Journal of Chinese Social and Economic History) 4 (2009).
Shi Tao, Ma Guoying. “Qingchao qianzhongqi liangshi muchan yanjiu shuping”(A Survey of Research on Grain Output Per Mu in the Early and Mid Qing Dynasty), Lishi yanjiu (Historical research) 2 (2010).
Shi Zhihong. “Qingdai mongye shengchan zhibiao deguji”(An Estimate of Agriculrure Economic Indicators in the Qing Dynasty), Zhongguo jingjishi yanjiu (Researches In Chinese Economic History) 5 (2015) ．
基金
国家社科基金重点项目“丝绸之路与中外农业交流项目” ( 16A2S005) ; 中国博士后科学基金第10 批特别资助“美国蔬菜作物在中国的本土化研究” ( 2017T100377) ; 江苏省科学项目“美洲救荒作物在中国的引种推广及动因影响研究”(2016SJD770001) 。
PDF(446 KB)
