在清中叶以后的巴县，承充坊厢保正须书立顶约、缴纳顶首银,该职可以出租、出卖，甚至合伙承充。这种不同寻常现象的出现，乃是因坊厢保正为帮办各级衙署差务及垫纳军需差费之主体。因这种付出，其职出现顶首银，且获得收取铺户规费之权的状况。坊厢保正具有广泛的营利空间，这吸引许多人投身其中，使该职成为一种与衙门吏役高度相似的职业。在实践中，坊厢保正表现出任职长期化、朋党化等特征。即使至清后期士绅加入坊厢行政组织并成为其中领袖，亦未对保正的实质性权力和利益空间造成根本冲击。
Abstract
In Ba County after the mid?Qing，individuals had to sign a contract and pay an “installation fee” (dingshouyin) to obtain local constable’s position，which could be sold，rented or even jointly assumed. Such an unusual phenomena resulted from the fact that the local constable was responsible for the corvee duties of all the yamen in the city and the advance payment of miscellaneous military supplies. Because of his contribution，the local constable was entitled to collect customary fees from the shopkeepers，and anyone took over the position also had to pay an “ installation fee. ” The post of local constable was so lucrative that people flocked to it，making it a profession that closely resembled the runners and clerks of the yamen. In practice，ties amont factions and long?term incumbency were often found in the local constable’ s position. Although the gentry joined the management of municipal affairs in later periods and took command of the community administration，the rights and interests of the local constable was hardly been impaired before the end of the Qing dynasty.
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参考文献
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