清入关前对八旗基层组织的控制——以乌苏氏季思哈、吉普喀达为例

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清史研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 0 ›› Issue (5) : 81-90.

刘楠

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A Study of the Qing Government’s Control of the Eight Banners’ Primary-level Organization before 1644: Illustrated by the Case of the Usu Clan’s Gisha and Gibkada

LIU Nan

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摘要

清入关前，努尔哈赤、皇太极通过授予八旗官职、世职、专管权等手段控制旗人。季思哈、吉普喀达兄弟作为瓦尔喀地方归附较早的满洲旗人，屡立战功，相关记载在《满文原档》之“穆昆塔坦档”“黄字档”等入关前重要档册中均有显现。努尔哈赤、皇太极通过调管二人管下牛录，授予二人世职及予夺吉普喀达专管权特权等措施控制八旗基层组织，从而在八旗权力分散状态下逐步加强汗权。

Abstract

Before the Qing entered the pass in 1644, Nurhaci and Hong Taiji controlled the bannermen by conferring official positions, hereditary offices and exclusive administrative authority in the Eight Banners. The brothers Gisha and Gibkada were among the earlier Manchuria bannermen who joined the Qing. Their stories of winning many battles were recorded in the “Mukūn Tatan” and “Huang Zi” of “Old Manchu Documents”, an important archive before the Qing entered the pass. Nurhaci and Hong Taiji controlled the Eight Banners’ primary-level organization by adjusting Gisha and Gibkada’s niru under their management, granting them hereditary positions, conferring and taking Gibkada’s exclusive administration authority, in order to strengthen the kingship under decentralized authority.

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刘楠. 清入关前对八旗基层组织的控制——以乌苏氏季思哈、吉普喀达为例[J]. 清史研究. 2020, 0(5): 81-90

LIU Nan. A Study of the Qing Government’s Control of the Eight Banners’ Primary-level Organization before 1644: Illustrated by the Case of the Usu Clan’s Gisha and Gibkada[J]. Studies in Qing History. 2020, 0(5): 81-90

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