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气质为何不恶：颜元的身体经验与思想建构
Why “QiZhi” Was Not Evil: Yan Yuan's Bodily Experience and the Construction of Thoughts
和朱熹思想体系中对于“气质”的负面认知不同，清初北方思想家颜元坚持气质本善的观点。而这和他自身的身体观有关。身体被他视作一个儒者“作圣”的基础和工具，为此，他对于身体做出了种种积极正面的界定与评估。这既出自他身为一个医生的认知惯习，也可以看作他对自己经历的各种身体不适的逆向反应。身体经验为他理解“气质”范畴提供了一个认知“原型”，并以此来审视和构思有关“气质”的概念与命题。
Unlike the negative perception of "qi" in Zhu Xi's thought system, Yan Yuan, a northern thinker of the early Qing Dynasty, insisted on the theory that qi is inherently good. This had to do with his own view of the body, which he regarded as the foundation for a Confucian to "becoming a sage."He regarded the body as the basis and tool of a Confucian "sage", and for this reason, he made all kinds of positive definitions and assessments of the body. This arose from his cognitive habits as a physician and can also have been a reverse reaction to the various physical discomforts he had experienced.The experience of the body provides him with a cognitive "prototype" for understanding the categoryof "temperament", from which he examined and constructed concepts and propositions related to "temperament".
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