When Jiangsu Province was established in the Qing Dynasty, and when Jiangnan Province was divided into Jiangsu and Anhui Provinces, are the most important questions in the study of the local history of Jiangsu and Anhui Provinces and have always been topics of concern within academic circles. Based on textual analysis on the related historical materials from around 1667, this article argues that the process of establishing Jiangsu Province began in 1661 ( the 18th year of the Shunzhi reign) when “Left” and “Right” Provincial Administrative Commissioners were divided and ended in 1667 ( the 6th year of Kangxi reign) when the newly established Provincial Governors were named. The Qing court and local highranking provincial officials both played a role in this process. The related issues regarding the establishment of Jiangsu Province can be only clarified based on a comprehensive and deep study of the related historical data.