The western learning during the Late Ming and Early Qing Period had its own essential concern，internal structure and system of discourse.A study on the historical changes of the concepts such as“the western learning”or“xixue”，“tianxue”，“xingxue”and“chao xingxue”and their connotations will further our understandings about related problems． The western learning at that time also embraced factors that helped promote modernity as well as cultural implications that transcended time and space． The former primarily manifested in the introduction of the authentic“global awareness”，the changes of notion about time and space that came along with it，and the dissemination of the logical methods and its meaning，the main body of which was deductivereasoning; the latter can be examined by reviewing the value of the new terms and the new concepts created and spread in the process of translation，or by excavating the contents of some of the long-forgotten translations of works in humanities．