Abstract: This article expounds emphatically the harmfulness on the system of appointing national minority hereditary headmen in the Qing Dynasty,and the abolition of hereditary chieftainships and bringing the tribes under unified provincial administration in the southwest China’s performed by the famous minister，E Er-tai of Yong Zheng Reign.E Er-tai established the general policy，advanced the principle， the tactics and the measures and put them into effect。He carried out other social reform,too.It is a progressive and important measure，the writer thinks,to maintain the position of southwest China，to settle the minority problems and to develop the border area。It enabled southwest China to develop with the nation.E Er-tai is therefore,a great historic figure in the stage of Qing Dynasty in the southwest area.