Abstract: Uneven economic development was an important feature in traditional Chinese society，particular in Qing dynasty。This was noticeable and had a profound influence upon the social evolution.This paper analyzed the basic manifestations of uneven economic development and its historical reasons in the 18th century China.Considering different natural environment and other factors，such as politics、 economy and culture.This paper divided China of Qing dynasty into 8 economic regions,discussed the regional distribution of social economy in the whole Qing history,especially in the 18th century，and described the main characteristics and fundamental conditions in all regions.