Abstract: Based on reliable historical data, this article examines the form, propaganda content, and proliferation of performances of Sichuan folk opera, in order to analyze the relation between folk opera and the leadership and outbreak of Anti-Christian cases in Sichuan province. The article reveals the opera's function in driving public opinion, as well as mobilizing and organizing people. The article also scrutinizes the Qing government's attitude toward the recognition and control of folk opera, and explains some reasons for reform of Sichuan opera, and measures the Qing government took to eliminate conflict between the Chinese and alien religion.