Abstract: From point of view of processions in honor of local deities ( yingshen saishe), this article examines conflict between Christianity and folk religion in modern Shanxi. The essay presents some of the more spectacular conflicts, and then examines the historical origins and social functions of religious processions. Cherished by local people, missionaries disregarded traditional custom,and banned Christians from taking part in such activities. As a result, conflicts between Christians and countrymen arose.The author discusses the causes of conflicts from perspective of the gentry’s defense of their own authority and peasants’satisfaction of their psychological needs. In conclusion, the essay emphasizes how a series of grave droughts caused these types of conflicts to reach a climax at the end of the nineteenth century.