Abstract: There were serious contradictions in the official documents regarding the surname of the Qianlong Emperor's mother when she was still alive． According to a document preserved in an anthology of Huang Zhijun，an official of Qing Dynasty，it has been further confirmed that the original surname of the Empress dowager was a Han surname that was later changed to a Manchu surname． The Yongzheng Emperor made the change as an important measure to ensure Qianlong's right to inherit the throne． In the course of the change，there were many cautious approaches which reflected the subtle mind of the supreme ruler of the Qing Dynasty． This change became the direct source of the legends of Qianlong's identity．