清代仲圣文化及其对温病知识的形塑

清史研究

清代仲圣文化及其对温病知识的形塑

张田生

曲阜师范大学历史文化学院

出版日期:2020-01-15 发布日期:2020-01-15
作者简介:张田生（1977 －），男，曲阜师范大学历史文化学院副教授，山东曲阜 273165；zhangtsh1977@163.com
基金资助:
国家社会科学基金重大项目“宋元以来中医知识的演进与现代‘中医’的形成研究”（18ZDA175）阶段性成果。

The Culture of Zhongsheng as Medical Sage in the Qing Dynasty and Its Shaping of the Knowledge of “Warm” Diseases

ZHANG Tiansheng

School of History and Culture, Qufu Normal University

Online:2020-01-15 Published:2020-01-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

借助汉学思潮，通过立传、树碑、独尊等方式，清代仲圣运动向全面和纵深发展，基本上获得了整个医界的认同，也对温病新知识的产生造成了深远的影响。为了维护仲圣的形象，又不妨碍提出温病新理论，医家主要采取了三种策略，一是主张《伤寒论》的温病知识失传于兵燹和王叔和的编次，二是指出新知识旨在羽翼《伤寒论》，三是名仲圣而实不仲圣。由此策略，温病新知识虽然得到了医统上的合法性，但也被扭曲，出现了常识性的错误。吴瑭首用桂枝汤治温病说法即是代表。不过，民国时期，经方家肯定了吴瑭的观点。而在现代中医界，清代否定和民国肯定的两种看法都被继承下来，成为现代温病学知识。

Abstract:

With the aid of Han learning, biographies, stele inscriptions, and other orthodox models, the movement to elevate Zhang Zhongjing to the status of medical sage in the Qing Dynasty developed comprehensively and deeply, gained the recognition of the entire medical community, and had a profound impact on the emergence of new knowledge of the warm diseases. To maintain the image of Zhongjing as sage, without hindering the new theory of warm diseases, doctors mainly relied on three strategies. One was the statement that the knowledge of the warm diseases found in the Treatise on Cold Damage Disorders was lost due to wars and the compilation of Wang Shuhe’s work. The second was that the invention of new knowledge was meant to supplement the Treatise on Cold Damage Disorders. The third was to create new knowledge under Zhongjing’s name. According to these strategies, although the new knowledge of warm diseases was legitimate, it had also been distorted and common-sense errors had emerged. Wu Tang’s first use of the Guizhi Decoction was an example. However, classical prescription doctors accepted Wu’s point of view during the Republican Era. Modern Chinese medicine circle inherited, both the opposing view of the Qing Dynasty and the approval of Republican period and both have become part of the modern knowledge of warm diseases.

张田生. 清代仲圣文化及其对温病知识的形塑[J]. 清史研究.

ZHANG Tiansheng. The Culture of Zhongsheng as Medical Sage in the Qing Dynasty and Its Shaping of the Knowledge of “Warm” Diseases[J]. Studies in Qing History.