清入关前对八旗基层组织的控制——以乌苏氏季思哈、吉普喀达为例

清史研究

清入关前对八旗基层组织的控制——以乌苏氏季思哈、吉普喀达为例

刘楠

吉林师范大学历史文化学院

出版日期:2020-09-15 发布日期:2020-09-15
作者简介:刘楠（ 1987–），女，吉林师范大学历史文化学院博士研究生，四平 136000； 1016371800@qq.com
基金资助:
国家社科基金重大项目“满族民间历史档案资料整理研究与数据库建设”（项目编号： 19ZDA181）；吉林师范大学研究生科研创新计划资助项目（编号：研创新 201932）阶段性成果。

A Study of the Qing Government’s Control of the Eight Banners’ Primary-level Organization before 1644: Illustrated by the Case of the Usu Clan’s Gisha and Gibkada

LIU Nan

School of History and Culture, Jilin Normal University

Online:2020-09-15 Published:2020-09-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 清入关前，努尔哈赤、皇太极通过授予八旗官职、世职、专管权等手段控制旗人。季思哈、吉普喀达兄弟作为瓦尔喀地方归附较早的满洲旗人，屡立战功，相关记载在《满文原档》之“穆昆塔坦档”“黄字档”等入关前重要档册中均有显现。努尔哈赤、皇太极通过调管二人管下牛录，授予二人世职及予夺吉普喀达专管权特权等措施控制八旗基层组织，从而在八旗权力分散状态下逐步加强汗权。

Abstract:

Before the Qing entered the pass in 1644, Nurhaci and Hong Taiji controlled the bannermen by conferring official positions, hereditary offices and exclusive administrative authority in the Eight Banners. The brothers Gisha and Gibkada were among the earlier Manchuria bannermen who joined the Qing. Their stories of winning many battles were recorded in the “Mukūn Tatan” and “Huang Zi” of “Old Manchu Documents”, an important archive before the Qing entered the pass. Nurhaci and Hong Taiji controlled the Eight Banners’ primary-level organization by adjusting Gisha and Gibkada’s niru under their management, granting them hereditary positions, conferring and taking Gibkada’s exclusive administration authority, in order to strengthen the kingship under decentralized authority.

刘楠. 清入关前对八旗基层组织的控制——以乌苏氏季思哈、吉普喀达为例[J]. 清史研究.

LIU Nan. A Study of the Qing Government’s Control of the Eight Banners’ Primary-level Organization before 1644: Illustrated by the Case of the Usu Clan’s Gisha and Gibkada [J]. Studies in Qing History.

参考文献

Bai Xinliang. “Lun huangtaiji jiwei chu de yici gaiqi” (One change of belonging to the Banner at the beginning of Hong Taiji inherited the authority). Nankai shixue (Nankai Historical Studies) 2 (1981).

Du Jiaji. “Tianming houqi baqi qizhu kaoxi” (Analyzing the master of Eight Banners in later period of Nurhaci).Shixue jikan (Collected Papers of History Studies) 2 (1997).

Du Jiaji. “Qing chu liang bai qizhu duoergun yu duoduo huanqi wenti de kaocha” (Discussing the problem of changing banner between Dorgon and Duoze, the masters of Pure White Banner and Bordered White Banner in the early Qing Dynasty). Qingshi yanjiu (The Qing History Journal) 3 (1998).

Du Jiaji. “Qing chu qiren zhi qiji ji li qi gaibian kao” (The bannerman’s belonging to the banner and its change in the early Qing Dynasty). Minzu yanjiu (Ethno-National Studies) 4 (2013).

Du Jiaji. Qing wangchao yu guozheng guanxi yanjiu (Studies on the relationship between Qing Dynasty royal family and state politics). Taipei: Wunan tushu chuban youxian gongsi, 1998.

Kiyohiko Sugiyama. “Shinsho ni okeru sai yūryoku gundan: Taiso Nuruhachi kara Sesshou-ou dorugon he” (The most powerful troops in the early Qing Dynasty: from Taizu Nurhaci to the prince regent Dorgon). nairiku ajia shi kenkyu. No. 16, 2001.

Kiyohiko Sugiyama. Daishin Teikoku no keisei to Hakkisei. Nagoya: Nagoya daigaku shuppannkai, 2015.

Kan’ya Masui. “Senkanken kara mita Aishin koku no koushin shūdan to sono kousei” (The military meritocracy group and its composition of the Latter Jin from the perspective of exclusive administration authority). Ritsumeiken Bungaku. No. 594, 2006.

Kan’ya Masui. “Mannju koku ‘Shikisei’ shoken nendai kou” (Research on the Four Banners system at the beginning of establishment of Manchuria). Ritsumeiken Touyou Shigaku. No. 32, 2009.

Zhang Jinfan and Guo Chengkang. Qing ruguan qian guojia falū zhidushi (The history of national legal system before the Qing entering the pass). Shenyang: Liaoning renmin chubanshe, 1988.