Abstract:

Turpan Bek Manggalik was a ruler of Turpan area with the support of the Zunghars. When the Qing army attacked Dawaci, he surrendered to the Qing Empire and ended the long-term history of Turpan’s freedom from the rule of Dynasties on the Central Plains. The submission of Manggalik provided the Qing army with an important military and logistics base in the western regions and accelerated the process of defeating the Zunghars and the control of the Uyghur regions. After that, the Qing Empire began to adjust the local ruling order that had formed during the long-term following of Zunghar and moved Emin Khwaja back to Turpan to contain Manggalik’s power. The political pattern of dividing the East and West was formed in Turpan. After Manggalik was involved in a rebellion and was killed, his followers were temporarily put under the control of Emin Khwaja. In order to control the Emin Khwaja families’ power, the Qing Empire adjusted the political structure of Turpan many times, and set up the Grand Minister Superintendent of Pichan and the leading Grand Minister of Turpan to separate powers, which reflected the Qing Empire’s extremely flexible and pragmatic border governance strategy.