关键词: 乌里雅苏台, 科布多, 绿营, 满蒙汉关系, 生计

Abstract: In the mid-Qianlong period, the Qing government set up a system of regular replacement of garrison troops for the Green Standard Army in the cities of Uliasutai and Khobdo, in northern the Gobi Desert. Most of the Green Standard Army’s officers and soldiers came from Xuanhua in Zhili Province and Datong in Shanxi Province. These troops were responsible for cultivation and various errands. Each time when the Green Standard Army was replaced, many people were stranded there. By the Guangxu reign, it was a common phenomenon that ordinary soldiers were stationed for ten to twenty years, which led to the deterioration of their living conditions. The military system under the General of Uliasutai’s Jurisdiction was mainly composed of Mongolian officers and soldiers, assisted by the Green Standard Army and the Eight Banner Army. This was the choice made by the Qing government after weighing various factors such as local political environment, ethnic composition, natural conditions, and economic costs.