Abstract: Based copious historical data, this paper rigorously analyzes the demand for fertilizer in the Jiangnan region during the Ming-Qing Period. The author finds that from the end of the Ming to the mid-Qing, the total capacity for fertilizer increased by 90%. As for the degree of increase, the total capacity for fertilizer of Chongde county increased by 123% greatly exceeding the rate of increase for the Jingnan region as a whole. Jiashan county and Shanghai county increased capacity by 70% and 56% respectively, far below the rate for Jiangnan as a whole, but the capacity of applied fertilizer reached the average level of Jiangnan region at the end of the Ming. Shanghai couty slightly exceeded this average but Chongde county surpassed the average level by 50%.