Abstract: Green Crop Societies in North China can be dated to at least the early nineteenth century .The earliest ones were loose temporary crop- watching organizations. Bu t from the middle o f 19th century, G reen Crop Societies gradually evolved in to integrated autonomous organizations of villages which undertook all kinds o f public affairs and had the capacity of levying corvee .This transformation reflected the new trend between state and rural society during the reign of Xianfeng and Tong zhi: the state continuously penetrated into the local society in order to seize revenues, while rural society achieved a certain degree of autonomy through the transformation o G reen Crop Societies.