Abstract: This article employs Erik H. Erikson’s identity theory to analyze the formation of Hong Xiuquan’s political personality and to explain the Taiping Rebellion.The author reexamines many important questions regarding the Taiping rebellion and argues that political behavior has much to do with identity crisis in childhood.According to the author , political action originates with identity , then an identity crisis results in a political identification crisis , which interacts with outer factors that can result in political revolution.