Abstract: In the mid-Qing Dynasty，the free migration of people in search of new livelihoods was very
common． The government policy varied geographically． In the Northeast and Taiwan the government
controlled access but did not issue an outright ban on migration． For example，it allowed mainlanders
fleeing famine to move elsewhere． In response to a variety of circumstances settlers move to the Northeast
and settled down there． Those had lived in Taiwan for long periods of time were given the right to settle
and allowed to relocate dependents from the mainland． In the southern mountain regions，the government
allowed shed people ( hut dwellers) to settle． Of course，for security and other considerations officials
wanted to integrate shed people into the baojia management systems and those who were long term
residents were given the right to register their households． As for Sichuan，the Qing court had a special
policy for the people who migrated to reclaim land． In addition，Hubei and western Hunan，allowed the
people to migrate following the example of Sichuan． These policies largely alleviated the pressure on the
mainland people's livelihood．

摘要：       清代中期，民众为寻找新的谋生之地的自发性流迁行为非常活跃。政府对此实行了区别对待政策。在东北、台湾以控制民众进入为主导，但又非实施 “封禁”政策，如允许内地灾荒流民出关谋生。对那些以各种形式流入东北地界者给予其或入籍定居或宽限返乡的选择。对在台湾居住年久、有业可就者不仅可取得定居权，且允许将内地眷属搬迁过去。在南方山区，基本上采取允许棚民进入谋生的政策，当然出于治安等考虑要将其纳入保甲等管理体系中，居住年久者还可获得入籍等权益。对自发入川、出口外等地开垦的民众，清政府基本持放开政策。另外，湖北、湖南西部改土归流后的地区也允许民众按照入川方式进入谋生。清中期的这些政策，在很大程度上缓解了内地民众的谋生压力。