主管：教育部
主办：中国人民大学
ISSN 1002-8587  CN 11-2765/K
国家社科基金资助期刊
Studies in Qing History

Studies in Qing History

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The Formation and Nationalization of Rural Public Property in Chongqing from the Qing Dynasty to the Early Republic of China

LIANG Yong   

  1. Department of History, College of Humanities, Xiamen University
  • Online:2020-01-15 Published:2020-01-15

清至民初重庆乡村公产的形成及其国家化

梁勇   

  1. 厦门大学人文学院历史系
  • 作者简介: 梁勇（1976 －），男，厦门大学人文学院历史系教授，福建厦门 361005；lounger110@163.com
  • 基金资助:

    国家社科基金重大攻关项目《“湖广填四川”移民墓葬碑刻文献数据库建设及其乡村社会研究》（17ZDA188）；四川省哲学社会科学重点研究基地“区域文化研究中心 2017 年度项目清代四川州县公局研究”（QYYJB1703）。

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Abstract:

In the process of rural social reconstruction in Chongqing, Sichuan Province in the Qing Dynasty, there were many kinds of rural public properties, which were called association property, temple property and school property, that were established by means of fund-raising, donation, payment of taxes, and confiscation. The development pattern, existing forms, and management mode of rural public property in Chongqing in Qing Dynasty was strongly colored by migration and distinct regional characteristics. Due to the imbalance of revenue and expenditure in the prefectures and counties, and the deterioration of the financial situation in the Qing Dynasty, the local rulers changed the uses of rural property under the rubric of “public for public.” Under the new policies of the late Qing Dynasty, local governments continuously collected all kinds of rural public property in the name of preparing new schools, policing, and industries. After entering the Republican period, due to the warlords’ scuffles and local public construction, governments set up collection agencies for public property, which accelerated the nationalization of rural public property. The nationalization of rural public property embodied the characteristics of the transformation of government finances from traditional forms to modern ones.

摘要：

在清代以重庆为代表的四川乡村社会重建过程中，移民通过集资、捐献、缴纳厘金及罚没等方式形成了大量以会产、庙产、学产为名的各类乡村公产。清代重庆乡村公产形成方式、存在形式及管理模式具有强烈的移民色彩和突出的地域性特征。由于清代州县财政经费短缺现象始终存在且呈加剧态势，在“以公济公”的名义下，乡村公产被地方执政者改变用途，提拨他用。晚清新政，国家以筹办新学、警政及办理实业等名义不断提拨各类乡村公产。进入民国后，由于军阀混战和地方的公共建设，政府成立公产提拨机构，加速了乡村公产的国家化进程。乡村公产的国家化进程体现了州县财政从传统向近代转型过程中的某些特征。