Abstract:

Based on the newly disclosed Manchu and Mongolian materials in the Archives of the Tibet Autonomous Region, this article investigates the protocol of conferring Erdene sde-pa of Bhutan by the Qing Dynasty, taking conferring the seventeenth Deb Raja, Byams-pa dpal, as an example. The whole procedure can be summarized in five parts: Bhutan requested the title conferment, the Tibetan  local Government (bkav-shag) and the Amban reviewed and reported to the Qing court, the court issued the charter, the Tibetan authority sent a special envoy, and the Deb Raja expressed gratitude. The article also discusses the position of Bhutan in the foreign relations structure of the Qing Dynasty, the rank of Deb Raja and the significance of conferring the title on the legitimacy of Deb Raja.

Key words: Qing DynastyTibetan local Government (bkav-shag), Bhutan, Dev Raja byams padpal

摘要：

本文根据新近披露的西藏自治区档案馆所藏满蒙文档案，以布鲁克巴（不丹）第十七任德布王强巴贝的“补放”任职事件为案例，考察了清朝册封布鲁克巴 “额尔德尼第巴”的礼仪程序，认为整个程序可以概括为布鲁克巴请封、噶厦和驻藏大臣审核并上奏朝廷、朝廷封赐敕书、西藏遣使册封、德布王谢恩等 5 个环节。论文还讨论了布鲁克巴在清朝对外关系结构中的位置、德布王的职位品级及册封对德布王合法性建构的意义等问题。

关键词: 清朝, 噶厦, 布鲁克巴, 强巴贝