Abstract:

The “Road-Pass” was a certificate issued by the government to migrant populations to optimize management and control. During the Qing Dynasty, the use of “Road-Pass” were applied widely in border areas due to an unprecedented population migration from the interior to the frontier. However, the government adopted varied and inconsistent regional policies. As a result, the government management system of the “Road-Pass” varied over time and across space. In the Xinjiang region, merchants from the interior represented the majority of “Road-Pass” holders as they were the intended target population of the management system. In this article, the author describes how the “Road-Pass”for inland merchants were issued and implemented in Xinjiang, the physical form and characteristics of the road-pass, and how the Xinjiang local authorities used the system to manage and strengthen the business community. Some of historical facts, misunderstandings and doubts are discussed and clarified as well.

Key words: road-pass, inland merchants, Xinjiang, Qing dynasty

摘要：

路票制度即给流动人口颁发通行证明，据此加以盘查和管束的制度。在清代，随着人口迁移的空前活跃，内地向边疆的流动形成潮流，路票制度被广泛地运用于各边疆地区。不过，由于国家对不同边疆地区的人口流动持或禁止或限制或提倡的不同态度，决定了路票管理制度因地区及时代的变化而各有特点。就新疆地区而言，内地民人特别是被称作“商民”的人群是路票管理的主要对象。本文运用北京和台北两地所藏档案史料，揭示商民路票政策在新疆出台的经过，路票的形制与特点，以及新疆当局如何运用路票制度来加强对商民人群的管理。在此基础上，对迄今为止的若干误解和疑问加以辨析，以求澄清史实。

关键词: 路票, 新疆, 商民, 清代