Abstract:

Turpan Bek Manggalik was a ruler of Turpan area with the support of the Zunghars. When the Qing army attacked Dawaci, he surrendered to the Qing Empire and ended the long-term history of Turpan’s freedom from the rule of Dynasties on the Central Plains. The submission of Manggalik provided the Qing army with an important military and logistics base in the western regions and accelerated the process of defeating the Zunghars and the control of the Uyghur regions. After that, the Qing Empire began to adjust the local ruling order that had formed during the long-term following of Zunghar and moved Emin Khwaja back to Turpan to contain Manggalik’s power. The political pattern of dividing the East and West was formed in Turpan. After Manggalik was involved in a rebellion and was killed, his followers were temporarily put under the control of Emin Khwaja. In order to control the Emin Khwaja families’ power, the Qing Empire adjusted the political structure of Turpan many times, and set up the Grand Minister Superintendent of Pichan and the leading Grand Minister of Turpan to separate powers, which reflected the Qing Empire’s extremely flexible and pragmatic border governance strategy.

摘要：

吐鲁番伯克莽噶里克是准噶尔任命的吐鲁番地区统治者，于清军征讨达瓦齐之际归附清朝，结束了吐鲁番地区长期游离于中原王朝统治之外的历史。莽噶里克的归附使清军在西域有了重要的军事和后勤基地，加速了准噶尔的灭亡和控制回部的进程。莽噶里克归附后，清朝着手调整当地在长期追随准噶尔期间形成的统治秩序，将额敏和卓迁回吐鲁番，牵制莽噶里克的势力。又为其编设旗佐，将扎萨克制度引入，吐鲁番形成了东西分治的政治格局。莽噶里克卷入叛乱被杀后，其部众暂时被交由额敏和卓管束。为了防止额敏和卓家族在吐鲁番一家独大，清朝又多次调整吐鲁番政治格局，设置辟展办事大臣、吐鲁番领队大臣等予以分权，反映出清朝极为灵活务实的边疆统治策略。