Abstract: In November 1908, Empress Dowager Cixi suddenly died. On her deathbed, she ordered Zaifeng to be the Prince Regent, and told him to seek advice on "major events" from the Empress Dowager Longyu. At that time, public opinion in China and in foreign countries was quite favorable toward Zaifeng. The Qing government formulated the etiquette of Regency by means of collegial discussion. Zaifeng and Longyu reached a compromise to handle state affairs and palace events separately. Driven by the force of some censors, the signature system of the seal, which aimed at controlling the State Administration and had the color of constitutionalism, was implemented. The Forbidden City defense force and even the national military forces were also controlled by the Prince Regent. On the other hand, Zaifeng was willing to serve as a minister, and modestly handled the etiquette issues such as residence, royal summons, and the Regent worship. These arrangements weakened the majesty of the imperial powers, and met the expectation of public opinion for constitutionalism, but also caused the concern that the etiquette was not standard. Acting imperial power with the minister as the core of the new regent system, was easily influenced by the last edict of Cixi and the royal power
struggle. Zaifeng failed to promote the constitutional system in time to eliminate the hidden dangers, which initiated the pro aristocratic movement and the chaotic politics of Xuantong Dynasty.

摘要：       光绪三十四年十月慈禧突然驾崩，临终懿旨令载沣以摄政王监国，“重大事件”向隆裕太后请旨。其时中外舆论环境颇有利于载沣，清廷通过合议方式制订摄政王监国礼节，载沣与隆裕达成分别处置国家政事与宫内事件的权力妥协。在台谏势力的推动下，意在掌控国政、兼具立宪特征的钤章署名制得以实施，禁城防卫乃至全国兵权亦收归摄政权力。另一方面，载沣甘居臣位，谦逊处置居所、召对、班见等礼仪问题，淡化皇权威严，符合舆论的立宪期待，同时亦引发礼节不肃的担忧。监国摄政王体制的核心是臣掌君权，易受慈禧遗旨以及皇室权力斗争的影响，载沣后续又未能及时推行立宪政制以消除隐患，宣统朝的亲贵政治与政出多门由此发端。