Abstract: The main ideological obstacles in the Chinese and Japanese modernization were Chu Hsi doctrines，the view of “Flower-Barbarian”and the idea of “closure of the country to foreign inter course”.The fact was that Japanese had finished the first step in clearing away some of these obstacles in the 18th century .On the contrary,the Chinese people did not waken from the dream of “Flower- Barbarian” and would not give up the doctrines of Confucian until the 19th century。It was the striking difference in ideas that led to the difference of their later fates.