主管:教育部
主办:中国人民大学
ISSN 1002-8587  CN 11-2765/K
国家社科基金资助期刊

Studies in Qing History ›› 2021, Vol. 0 ›› Issue (3): 1-11.

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A Study of the Marriage of the Three Feudatories Chinese Women in the Imperial Household Department

Liu Xiaomeng (Institute of Modern History, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences; Institute of History, Jilin Normal University; liuxm1608@vip.sina.com)   

  1. Chinese Academy of Social
  • Online:2021-05-15 Published:2021-05-24

包衣女子配婚制的瓦解与满洲领主制的衰亡——以内务府“三藩汉女”为中心的考察

刘小萌(1952 -),男,中国社会科学院近代史研究所研究员,吉林师范大学历史学院双聘教授,北京 100101;liuxm1608@vip. sina. com   

  1. 中国社会科学院近代史研究所
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金重大项目“锡伯语(满语)基础语料库建设与研究”(编号:15ZDB110)

Abstract: The Three Feudatories Chinese was one type of bondservants in the Imperial Household Department in Qing Dynasty. After the Emperor Kangxi had suppressed the Revolt of the Three Feudatories, the offenders were executed, and their property was confiscated. Thus, their family dependents, relatives, and former subordinates were incorporated into the Imperial Household Department. Known as the “Three Feudatories Chinese”, one half of these individuals were women. Based on the Manchu archives of the Imperial Household Department, this paper aims to exam the compulsory marriage of the Three Feudatories Chinese women. Compulsory refers to the fact that these women were assigned and married to the Banner people of the Imperial Household Department by force. The identities of the Three Feudatories Chinese women were complex, their marriage partners included banner officials in the upper-three banners, Baoyi company commanders and poor banner slaves in the Imperial Household Department. The marriages, which totally ignored the wishes of those women, epitomized the despotism of imperial power under the Manchus and the dominance over servants and slaves of the royal family. During the Kangxi and Qianlong Periods, as Manchu dominance waned, the restrictions on marriage of the royal family servants were gradually relaxed and compulsory marriages ended.

Key words: Three Feudatories, Imperial Household Department, women, marriage

摘要: “三藩汉人”是清内务府包衣之一种。康熙帝平定三藩,将“罪藩”处死,家产籍没,其眷属、子弟、亲信、家人编入内务府,称“三藩汉人”。在这些人中间,女性约占半数。文章利用内务府满文档案,就三藩汉人女子的配婚现象作一初步考察。她们身份复杂,而作为其配婚对象的,既有内三旗侍卫、旗员,也有包衣佐领、管领下穷丁,其中又以后者为主。此种配婚方式,完全无视女方意愿,集中体现了满洲领主制下皇权对包衣(家奴)的支配。康乾之际,随着满洲领主制瓦解,对包衣的婚姻限制逐渐放开,强制性婚配亦告结束。

关键词: 三藩, 内务府, 妇女, 婚姻