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15 May 2009, Volume 0 Issue 2 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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The Lineage-sponsored Education in the Qing Dynasty FENG ErKang 2009, 0(2): 1-13.  Abstract ( )   PDF (402KB) ( )   In order to maintain and improve their social status , Qing lineages helped to establish many lineage schools. They stipulated school rules and expected that the schools could generate more talent for the lineages. Depending either on endowment school land or on education funds fromother public revenues , the lineages assisted education in many ways. The historical significance of the lineage schools could be felt on the following aspects : (1) lineage schools was the continuation and realization of the traditional idea of charitable education ; (2) through promoting more talent lineage schools helped the lineages and local culture to keep vigorous ; (3) lineage schools eventually became an important means of schooling and part of the local education in the Qing Dynasty Related Articles | Metrics

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The Administrative Division of Jiangnan in the Qing Dynasty JIANG Tao 2009, 0(2): 14-22.  Abstract ( )   PDF (2595KB) ( )   The establishment of the provincial level administrative system involved joint organization of governors and provincial administrative commissioners as administrative entities and the construction of civilian, military, and fiscal institutions. The political division of Jiangnan into the provinces of Anhui and Jiangsu began in the Shunzhi reign andwas not concluded until the Qianlong reign. The administrative division, however, was completed in 1666 when the formal separation of Fengyang and the subordination of its prefectures to Anhui and Jiangning were decided. After the revision of the Anhui and Jiangsu provincial commissioners the administrative situation was ?? fine tuned. ?? In the late Qing Tongzhi and Guangxu reigns, there was another change to the borders of the two provinces, and only then was the construction of the new provinces complete. Related Articles | Metrics

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A New Study on the Establishment of Jiangsu Province in the Qing Dynasty FU Lin-Xiang 2009, 0(2): 23-31.  Abstract ( )   PDF (2569KB) ( )   When Jiangsu Province was established in the Qing Dynasty, and when Jiangnan Province was divided into Jiangsu and Anhui Provinces, are the most important questions in the study of the local history of Jiangsu and Anhui Provinces and have always been topics of concern within academic circles. Based on textual analysis on the related historical materials from around 1667, this article argues that the process of establishing Jiangsu Province began in 1661 ( the 18th year of the Shunzhi reign) when “Left” and “Right” Provincial Administrative Commissioners were divided and ended in 1667 ( the 6th year of Kangxi reign) when the newly established Provincial Governors were named. The Qing court and local highranking provincial officials both played a role in this process. The related issues regarding the establishment of Jiangsu Province can be only clarified based on a comprehensive and deep study of the related historical data. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Division of the Imperial Examinations and Provincial Administrations:The Formation of the Provinces of Hubei and Hunan in Qing Dynasty DUAN Wei 2009, 0(2): 32-39.  Abstract ( )   PDF (460KB) ( )   The division of Huguang province in Qing Dynastywas closely related to the change of provincial administrative system at that time. There has been a longstanding academic debate over the criteria and timing of the division of the Huguang. The protracted process of dividing Huguang included the separation of the offices of “Left ” and “Right ” Provincial Administrative Commissioners and the respective changes of their titles , creation of two provincial imperial examination administrations , and the institution of the new seats of the Provincial Governor (xunfu) . It was not until the middle and late Qianlong reign that the formation of Hunan and Hubei provinces was confirmed in Local Gazetteers and the Central Government Historical Records. Thus , the exact timing of the formation of the two provinces of Hunan and Hubei cannot simply be fixed at a specific point in time. Related Articles | Metrics

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An Examination of Joseph de Premare’s Scholarship and his Influence on European Sinology ZHANG Xi-Ping 2009, 0(2): 40-47.  Abstract ( )   PDF (438KB) ( )   Joseph de Premare , S. J . (1666 —1736) was a French Jesuit who entered China during the reign of the Kangxi Emperor. Joachim Bouvet , S. J . (1656 —1730) introduced him to Kangxi , and de Premare lived at the Qing Court . This paper undertakes a preliminary study of Notitia Linguae Sinicae , one of Premareps important works of sinology , analyzing its structure , its value and its influence from the angle of the origin of European Sinology. The paper also dwells on the history and academic influence of Lporphelin de la Maison de Tchao , which was translated into French by Premare. Based on the abovementioned texts , the author presents Premareps views on figurism and explores Premareps conception of the China mission and the dissemination of Chinese culture into Europe. Related Articles | Metrics

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A Study of Juntu Fish-Scale Registers in Huizhou during the Early Qing Dynasty WANG Qing-Yuan 2009, 0(2): 48-63.  Abstract ( )   PDF (2923KB) ( )   The juntu ( 均图) fish-scale registers of Xiuning County, Huizhou, which were compiled in the seventh year of the Shunzhi reign, were still in use in the Republican period. It took the Tu as a unit, on the opening page it totaled the number of the Tu and it marked their four boundaries. The changes of the four boundaries reflected the partial adjustments of people and land in the Lijia in the early Qing. An examination of these registers reveals that land ownership was relatively decentralized and that the leaders of the lijia did not possess too much land, 15% of owners were absentees, and 11.35% of the land had permanent tenancy rights but no ownership rights, and ponds were also registered. After the compilation of juntu in the Reign of Shunzhi the regional administration of Huizhou was stable. The primary organization tu in the Ming and Qing dynasties revealed that the distribution of land and the ownership of land did not always exactly coincide with the population in lijia. From the Qing Dynasty to the Republican period, the Tu was the unit of cadastre formulation and tax collection. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Principle of a Life for a Life in Judicial Administration Involving Foreigners in the Early Qing Dynasty TANG Wei-Hua 2009, 0(2): 64-73.  Abstract ( )   PDF (2654KB) ( )   Before the Opium War, the relation between the Qing Dynasty and Western countries was replete with conflict, especially in judicial administration. The Qing Dynasty adapted some unusual judicial principles for specific political purposes, especially the principle of ‘a life for a life’ in criminal cases, which caused a lot of trouble between China and the West and ultimately became a primary cause of increased diplomatic conflicts and wars. This paper will discuss the applications of ‘a life for a life’, its characteristics and its actual effects, to expose this principle’s substantial influence on the diplomatic relations between China and West. Related Articles | Metrics