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15 November 2005, Volume 0 Issue 4 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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The Qing Emperors Conceptions of China GUO Cheng-Kang 2005, 0(4): 1-18.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1002KB) ( )   At the end of the third year of the Xuantong reign, prior to the emperor’s abdication, the Empress Dowager Longyu,proclaimed to all subjects, that“it is the sincere hope that all the people will enjoy a settled life, peace will reign through out the land, the integrated territory, including the five nationalities of Manchu, Mongol, Han, Hui, and Tibetan, will still combine to form a great Chinese nation state.”Through several thousands years’of historical sediment, the notion of“China”and“Chinese nationality”, which had gone through many hardships and revisions, was given the final word by Qing dynasty. From this perspective, the Qing dynasty not only bequeathed the present Chinese territory and the material wealth of united multi-nationalities country, but also the precious spiritual legacy of the content and denotation of“China”and  “Chinese nationality.” Related Articles | Metrics

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An Analysis “Yebushou” and “Zhuosheng”during the Ming-Qing Transition QI Mei-Qin 2005, 0(4): 19-28.  Abstract ( )   PDF (463KB) ( )   This article argues that“Yebushou” the placement of sentries or spies among the frontier forces of the Ming dynasty in Liaodong area, and “Zhuosheng”the capture of Ming sentries by the emergent Later-Jin ( Q ing) dynasty were important sources of military intelligence.The effective performance of“Zhuosheng” made remarkable contributions to the decisive victory of the Later-Jin at the crucial transitional period from Ming to Q ing. Related Articles | Metrics

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An Analysis “Yebushou” and “Zhuosheng”during the Ming-Qing Transition TAN Bi-You 2005, 0(4): 29-35.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1686KB) ( )   By the nineteenth century, minorities in the Middle South and Southwest had been governed by the regional officials,social elites appointed by the central government for about over 100 years .How did elite view s of minorities change during this century and how d id minority peoples reconstruct their cultures as they faced the challenges o f a new century? Th is article seeks to answer these questions through an examination of changing descriptions minorities in nineteenth-century gazetteers. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Origins of the Fundamental Transformation of Chinese Scholarship 1894-1898 HUANG Xing-Tao, HU Wen-Sheng 2005, 0(4): 36-50.  Abstract ( )   PDF (862KB) ( )   This article systemically reveals the origins and special features of the modern transformation of Chinese scholarship,which arose during the reform movement of 1894-1898.The author argues that mainstream scholars have neglected“academic warfare”(学战 ), one of the main ideological tides of this period.Academic warfare constituted the motive force for the transformation of Chinese scholarship , though it simultaneously carried some unavoidable weaknesses. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Rebuilding of“Huang Di” in the 20th Century: Excluding Manchu, Portraits and Western Originality Theory SHI Chuan-Zhen-Hao 2005, 0(4): 51-62.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1445KB) ( )   At the end of Qing dynasty, the emotion of excluding Manchu spread over all China and led to the rising of the Hans national definitive indentity. It was in Tokay that the Hang Di worship and the emergence of its portraits in modern China sprung up in 1903, while Huang D i at that time occurred as a hero who was born in ancient west, Babylon, and led the tribal people that become the Hans afterwards migrating to China through thousands miles. This article analyses the the ways and wherefores being full of interesting from the historical angle. Related Articles | Metrics

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Textual Research on the Total Number of Civilian Jinshi in the Qing Dynasty MAO Xiao-Yang, JIN Su 2005, 0(4): 63-77.  Abstract ( )   PDF (2815KB) ( )   How many civilian jinshi successful candidates in the highest imperial examination, were there in the Qing Dynasty?Until now we have not had a consistent answer Major historical works, such as the Qing Shigao, Qing Shilu, Qing chao Wenxian Tongkao, and others, all provide different numbers .Other checklists and indexes of jinshi of the Ming and Qing Dynasty however, provide not only the number of jinshi passing each examination, but also the nam e, native place and the ranking of every jinshi The author has found that the record in Ming Qing .Like Jinshi Tmiing Beilu is more credible also practicable source for the total number of jinshi .Based on careful analysis and textual research, the author found a total of 26, 849 jinshi in the Qing Dynasty. Related Articles | Metrics

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An Analysis of the Characteristics of “Manchu Cities” (Mancheng) ZHU Yong-Jie 2005, 0(4): 78-84.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1188KB) ( )   Analyzing the current scholarly literature on Manchu Cities this paper finds that there are a variety of opinions regarding the conception, connotation, quantity and rough distribution of Manchu Cities With this in mind, the article further explores the characteristics of Manchu Cities The article makes clear that only locations that w ere militarized,planned, strategically positioned in relation to other cities, and surrounded by walls can be regarded as Manchu Cities.This paper also reveals many similarities and differences among, Manchu Cities garrisons and Manchu encampments clarifying some outstanding questions that exist in current research circles. Related Articles | Metrics

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Basic on the Rules of the Gods and Nature to Represent the Tokens KONG Jun-Ting, WANG Qi-Heng 2005, 0(4): 85-95.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1044KB) ( )   Xanadu garden Of the Qing dynasty is a special branch of royal gardens, which is the concentrated model for the combination of royal garden and“utility functionism”idea.This paper analyzes site selection of the Xannadu gardens, Conclude and put forward characteristics of how Xanadu gardens are located and distributed. Related Articles | Metrics