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15 May 2003, Volume 0 Issue 2 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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An Examination of the Shengjing Imperial Household Department’s Population Registers(1644- 1796) REN Yu-Xue 2003, 0(2): 16-61.  Abstract ( )   PDF (715KB) ( )   The Shengjing Imperial Household Registers recorded demographic data on individuals at three year intervals. The registers include individual information on the relationship to household head, name, age, marital status, death, and migration. Although many scholars have used these data, some basic information is unclear, such as the form of household register data and the sources, identity, and political and economical status of people, among other things. In this essay the author examines the records of individuals included in the imperial household registers during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries in an effort to clarify some of these issues. Related Articles | Metrics

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A Preliminary Study of Vaccination in Jiangnan during the Qing Dynasty YU Xin-Zhong 2003, 0(2): 28-37.  Abstract ( )   PDF (433KB) ( )   Small pox inoculation was introduced in western Zhejiang and southern Jiangsu provinces and gradually to eastern Zhejiang province early in the Qing Dynasty. Cowpox vaccination dates to the Daoguang reign but Cowpox Vaccination Bureaus were not established in most counties in Jiangnan until 1840. Different from small pox inoculation, cowpox vaccination spread quickly as the result of positive and rapid intervention from government officials once introduced. The establishment of the vaccination bureaus, however, was mainly the work of local communities. By the end of the Qing Dynasty, traces of small pox and cowpox could he found throughout the villages and towns of Jiangnan, but it is overly optimistic to estimate that more than thirty to forty percent of infants in Jiangnan had been vaccinated at the end of Qing Dynasty. Vaccination did play a role in population growth in Jiangnan during the Qing Dynasty, but its contribution, especially with regard to small pox, should not he over exaggerated. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Rural- clan Landlord Economy in Northern Fujian in the Ming and Qing Periods ZHENG Zhen-Man 2003, 0(2): 38-61.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1196KB) ( )   The “rural- clan landlord” economy developed rapidly in the Yangzi River basin and especially in provinces northern on the southeast coast during the Ming and Qing periods. This essay examines the historical phenomenon using northern Fujian as a case study. The article finds that during the Ming Qing period the direct integration between rural clan organizations and the landlord economy strengthened a weakening private landlord economy. At the same time, the development of this economy impeded the normal development of class differentiation and class struggle. Consequently, it postponed the disintegration of feudal land and social relations. Related Articles | Metrics

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Rural Gentry, Prominent Families, and Local Society in Jiangxi during the Qing Dynasty: A case study of Zhongtian Town, Xincheng County ZHONG Hai-Yan 2003, 0(2): 62-68.  Abstract ( )   PDF (512KB) ( )   This essay examines Zhongtian Town, Xinc;heng County in Jiangxi province to explore the clan organizations of rural gentry, their scholarly traditions, and the process by which they established their local power. From this case study it is easy to see changes in the system of local power at the lower levels of society in the Qing dynasty. Related Articles | Metrics

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Government and Private Responses to the Problem of the Shed People in Huizhou during Qing Dynasty XIE Hong-Wei 2003, 0(2): 69-79.  Abstract ( )   PDF (522KB) ( )   In the late Ming “shed people” ( pengmin) from neighboring areas began to migrate to Huizhou to exploit its rich natural resources and engage in various economic activities. These activities, however, harmed the interests of local society and the government, causing severe social problems. In view of these problems, the local powers and Qing government officials took different measures.Thus we should reexamine the “shed people” and the state’s ability to control them in the early 19th century. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Disaster Belief System of Chinese Traditional Society and the Disaster Myth of Ming- Qing Sects CAO Xin-Yu 2003, 0(2): 80-88.  Abstract ( )   PDF (523KB) ( )   It is popular that scholars focus their attention on the conceptual tool as little tradition and Grass- root society to analysis the history and belief of the Ming- Qing sects. But it is also true that without a greater institutional scope a better and fully understanding of the belief system of Ming- Qing Sects would he almost impossible. Therefore, positioning the Disaster Myth that is central to the sect beliefs into proper and grander institutional context could he helpful for us to analysis how come the sects could survive its harsh environment and what the logic of their religious traits could be. Related Articles | Metrics

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Missionary, Righteous Public Opinion, and Anti- missionary Incidents: Richard Wilhelm’s View of the Boxers SU Wei-Zhi 2003, 0(2): 89-94.  Abstract ( )   PDF (432KB) ( )   Richard Wilhelm was a German Protestant missionary sent to China by the General Evangelical Protestant Missionary Society in the 1890s. Unlike other western missionaries of that time, he understood the inevitability of the rise of the Boxer movement and thought it a righteous uprising. His attitude towards the Boxers was not an isolated one in German public opinion, which causes the author to reassess the origins of the Chinese anti- missionary struggle that persisted for over 100 years. Related Articles | Metrics