市场经济与资本主义：大分流视野下的中国明清经济史研究

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清史研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 0 ›› Issue (6) : 21-36.

和文凯

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Market Economy and Capitalism: Studies of the Ming-Qing Economic History of China from the Perspective of the Great Divergence

HE Wenkai

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摘要

本文比较中国明清经济史的研究与大分流视野下的西欧经济史，强调重视市场经济与资本主义制度之间存在着本质差别。以劳动力、资本、土地等生产要素的流动性为突出特征的市场经济，是明清中国社会经济发展的一大成就，与工业革命前的西欧市场经济没有本质的差别。但如果将资本主义理解为国家财政与民间金融市场的深度结合，那么作为资本主义发展必要阶段的现代财政国家，不仅没有出现在明清中国，而且也是阻碍十九世纪下半叶中国工业经济发展的重要因素。

Abstract

This?paper?reviews?the?scholarship?on?the?economic?history?of?Ming?and?Qing?China?and?compares?it?with?the?literature?on?the?economic?history?of?western?Europe,?and?highlights?some?fundamental?differences?between?a?market?economy?and?capitalism.?By?the?eighteenth?century,?a?market?economy?characterized?by?the?mobility?of?the?production?factors?of?labor,?land,?and?capital?had?consolidated?in?China,?and was?comparable?to?the?market?economies?of?pre-Industrial?Revolution?western Europe.However,?if?capitalism?is?understood?as?an?economic?system?in?which?the?state? fiscal?system?is?deeply?interconnected?with?the?private?financial?markets,?then?a prerequisite?for?its?development?is?the?modern?fiscal?state.?Such?a?modern?fiscal?state?not?only?did?not?emerge?in?Ming-Qing?China,?but?its?absence?was?a?major?stumbling?block?to?the?development?of?an?industrial?economy?in?China in the latter half of the nineteenth century.

导出引用

和文凯. 市场经济与资本主义：大分流视野下的中国明清经济史研究[J]. 清史研究. 2020, 0(6): 21-36

HE Wenkai. Market Economy and Capitalism: Studies of the Ming-Qing Economic History of China from the Perspective of the Great Divergence[J]. Studies in Qing History. 2020, 0(6): 21-36

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