清朝前期在陕甘边地继续维持着茶马司的建置并实行“招番中马”制度，但是由于诸多因素的共同作用，该制度此时已发生了较大的变革。“中马”基本成为当时番汉互动、朝廷维持对“西番”统治的最主要途径，清朝也据此重构了该地以土司为中心的治理制度。另外，清朝试图将“西番”马匹置于全国范围内进行调配，再加上官军、商民出于贩卖、采买的目的不断向“番族”购买马匹，客观上都将“番马”、茶叶推向了一个较为自由的交易市场，最终导致茶马司失去了其该有的垄断地位。
Abstract
In the early years of the Qing Dynasty, although the establishment of the Tea-horse Trade was preserved and the Tea-horse Trade Bureau (Chama si) continued to be maintained. But the nature of the trade changed. A series of systems related to the “to control the Tibetans with tea” (yicha yufan) strategy were not established in time. The smuggling trade of tea and horses provided a channel for buying horses privately with silver. The tea which stored in the storeroom was no longer used as a fixed trading material for horses, and people increasingly bought horses with silver. As a result, the tea
and horse administrations were gradually separated.
关键词
清代马政 /
陕甘边地 /
招番中马 /
茶马司
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
Chen Zhenguo. “Qingdai mazheng yanjiu” (Research on the horse administration of Qing Dynasty). Zhejiang daxue boshi xuewei lunwen (Doctoral Dissertation of Zhejiang University), 2010.
Guo Mengliang. “Qingchu chama zhidu shulun” (An analysis of the Tea-horse system in the early Qing Dynasty). Lishi dangan (Historical archives) 3 (1989).
Lai Jiancheng. Bianzhen liangxiang: Mingdai zhonghouqi de bianfang jingfei yu guojia caizheng weiji (Border defense funds in the middle and late Ming Dynasty and national financial crisis,1531-1602). Hangzhou: Zhejiang daxue chubanshe, 2010.
Liu Miao. “Mingdai jinpaizhi xia de ‘chaifama’ yicha xingtai” (The form of exchange for the tea with “chaifama” under the gold medal system of the Ming Dynasty). Zhongguo shehui jingjishi yanjiu (The Journal of Chinese Social and Economic History) 2 (1997).
Lu Shuxin. “Zaizao tusi: Qingdai Guizhou‘xinjiang liuting’ de tubian yu miaojiang zhili” (Remaking the “Headmen”: the minority officials in the six circuits of the new frontier in Guizhou and the governance of the miao territories in Qing). Jindaishi Yanjiu (Modern Chinese History Studies) 1 (2020).
Qu Bin. “Huangdi yu Dalailama: 16-19shiji ganbian, Qinghai diqu de guojia, buluo yu siyuan” (The emperor and the Dalailama: a study on the countries, tribes and monasteries in the area of ganbian and Qinghai from 16 to 19th century). Zhongshan daxue boshi xuewei lunwen (Doctoral Dissertation of Sun Yat-sen University),2018.
Wang Xiaoyan. “Guanying chama maoyi yanjiu” (Research on the official Tea-horse trade). Beijing: The Ethnic Publishing House, 2004.
Wang Xiaoyan. “Lun Qingdai guanying chama maoyi de yanxu jiqi feizhi” (An analysis of the continuation and abolishment of the official Tea-horse trade in Qing Dynasty). Zhongguo bianjiang shidi yanjiu (China’s Borderland History and Geography Studies) 4 (2007).
Ye Yineng. “Mingdai de chaye zhuanmai he chama jiaoyi” (Tea monopoly and Tea-horse trade in Ming Dynasty). Nongye kaogu (Agricultural Archaeology) 2 (1992).
PDF(1426 KB)
