摘要
入清后，喀喇沁蒙古黄金家族及部分乌梁海塔布囊们先编入满洲八旗。天聪九年设蒙古八旗后，又转入蒙古八旗。当时，这些喀喇沁和部分乌梁海人驻牧在今内蒙古正蓝旗和多伦县及其附近的口外游牧地（nuktere ba）。档案资料显示，从清初到晚清蒙古八旗各旗牛录所属喀喇沁、浩齐特、扎鲁特等各部不少蒙古人丁一直驻牧在口外游牧地。另外一些属于满洲旗、汉军旗以及牧群、王公等私属人丁也长期驻牧在口外游牧地。有清一代，在京蒙古八旗和游牧地蒙古八旗之间人员是可以互相流动的。
Abstract
The situation of the Qing Mongol Eight Banners’ habitation is only vaguely described in officially composed documents like Eight Banners’ General Records (first edition), Eight Banners’ General Records (second edition) and other related sources of the eight banners. Recently, we observed from the archives in Manchu, Mongolian and Chinese, kept by The Toyo Bunku in Japan, The First Historical Archives of China, National Library of China and other institutions, that a portion of the population from the
Mongol Eight Banners were nomads who were stationed in Mongolian grasslands outside the Great Wall. At first, the Kharachin golden family and some Uryangkhai nobilities and their subjects were in affiliation with the Manchu Eight Banners until they were transferred to Mongol Eight Banners in the ninth year of Tiancong when Manchu Court newly established the Mongol Eight Banners. At that time, Mongolians still lived in their old nomadic territory, which is now in Zhenlan Banner and Duolun County of Inner Mongolia. According to historical data, from the early Qing Dynasty through the late Qing, many Mongolians from the Mongol Eight Banners, consisting of multiple tribes like Kharachin, Khuuchit, and Jarut, had been living outside the Great Wall. In addition, some men and households belonging to the Manchu Eight Banner, Chinese Eight Banners, Herding Administration, and the princes, etc. had also been living outside the Great Wall for a long time. All these facts make for a conclusion that the people of Beijing eight banners and grassland eight banners were to certain extent able to flow to each other in the Qing Dynasty.
关键词
清代 /
蒙古八旗 /
游牧地 /
察哈尔
哈斯巴根.
清代蒙古八旗口外游牧地考[J]. 清史研究. 2021, 0(3): 24-36
N. Hasbagana.
A Study of the Nomadic Habitations outside the Great Wall of the Eight Banners in the Qing Dynasty[J]. Studies in Qing History. 2021, 0(3): 24-36
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基金
本文系国家社科基金冷门绝学研究专项学者个人项目“多语种档案文献与清代八旗蒙古研究”的阶段性成果，项目批号：20VJXG010。
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