Abstract: In different times, at different historical stages, and in different countries and areas, the cause of modernization has brought forth a variety of objectives, exigencies, significances, and means. When we examine the course of Chinese modernization, we cannot neglect its struggles for national independence and political democracy, for these necessarily affected and gave impetus to social and economic modernization, in China as elsewhere. View which dismiss or deny the indispensability of reform and revolution, or of reformers and revolutionaries, to the cause of Chinese modernization, are contrary to historical facts.