Abstract: Due to a lack of statistical documentation few scholars have researched the number of deaths from the great plague during the Muslim Rebellion in the Xianfeng and Tongzhi reigns. The author utilizes reports from the 1950s written by a specialist to estimate how many people died of plague in Yunnan and what proportion of deaths during the war came from plague. The author then explains the reasons for the high number of deaths during the war, and concludes that war itself is also a type of “ecological disaster.”