Abstract: In historical context,Tibetan Buddhism provided the title of Cakravartin and the Incarnation of Manjusrī as religious honorifics and symbols for Chinese rulers.Whether it was passive acceptance or active embrace, the two titles identified the secular rulers as emperors of Chinese dynasty.The original intention of the Qianlong emperor’s acceptance of the two titles,especially Incarnation of Manjusrī, was to bring the Qing rulers into an orthodox sequence with previous emperors of Chinese dynasties. On this basis, these two titles deified the Qing emperors,and also increased the affinity of Mongolians and Tibetans for the Qing Emperors. The author argue that American scholars of New Qing History have lacked the evidence to support their position that the Qianlong emperor ruled the country with the concepts of Tibetan Buddhism’s Cakravartin and Incarnation of Manjusrī. The emperors of Qing dynasty always regarded themselves as rulers of a Chinese dynasty in their relationship to the Mongolians and Tibetans, and they had no intention of creating a theocracy.