Abstract:

Abstract:Building on current scholarship, this research examines the transition from the Song Learning （Song Neo-Confucian, lixue） to Han Learning（Han xue） in the Qing dynasty, with special focus on the rise of "learning orthodoxy"and the decline of the Confucian orthodoxy. While scholar officials who advocated Song Learning were too blinded by Confucian orthodoxy to interpret "learning orthodoxy, many private scholars did shed light on the Song Learning. These scholars advocated classical research methods to replace Song learning approaches, and even converted themselves into followers of the Han Learning. The interaction of Confucian ideas between officials and non-official scholars developed in a complex context and transformed into"the way of inner transcendence"of Confucian learning in the early Qing. This facilitated a shift from the dominance of Song Learning to the revival of the Han Learning