市场经济与资本主义：大分流视野下的中国明清经济史研究

清史研究

市场经济与资本主义：大分流视野下的中国明清经济史研究

和文凯

香港科技大学社会科学部

出版日期:2020-11-15 发布日期:2020-11-15
作者简介:和文凯（ 1969 －），男，香港科技大学社会科学部副教授； hewenkai@ust.hk

Market Economy and Capitalism: Studies of the Ming-Qing Economic History of China from the Perspective of the Great Divergence

HE Wenkai

the Division of Social Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

Online:2020-11-15 Published:2020-11-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本文比较中国明清经济史的研究与大分流视野下的西欧经济史，强调重视市场经济与资本主义制度之间存在着本质差别。以劳动力、资本、土地等生产要素的流动性为突出特征的市场经济，是明清中国社会经济发展的一大成就，与工业革命前的西欧市场经济没有本质的差别。但如果将资本主义理解为国家财政与民间金融市场的深度结合，那么作为资本主义发展必要阶段的现代财政国家，不仅没有出现在明清中国，而且也是阻碍十九世纪下半叶中国工业经济发展的重要因素。

关键词: 市场经济, 资本主义, 大分流, 现代财政国家

Abstract: This?paper?reviews?the?scholarship?on?the?economic?history?of?Ming?and?Qing?China?and?compares?it?with?the?literature?on?the?economic?history?of?western?Europe,?and?highlights?some?fundamental?differences?between?a?market?economy?and?capitalism.?By?the?eighteenth?century,?a?market?economy?characterized?by?the?mobility?of?the?production?factors?of?labor,?land,?and?capital?had?consolidated?in?China,?and was?comparable?to?the?market?economies?of?pre-Industrial?Revolution?western Europe.However,?if?capitalism?is?understood?as?an?economic?system?in?which?the?state? fiscal?system?is?deeply?interconnected?with?the?private?financial?markets,?then?a prerequisite?for?its?development?is?the?modern?fiscal?state.?Such?a?modern?fiscal?state?not?only?did?not?emerge?in?Ming-Qing?China,?but?its?absence?was?a?major?stumbling?block?to?the?development?of?an?industrial?economy?in?China in the latter half of the nineteenth century.

Key words: market economy, capitalism, the Great Divergence, modern?fiscal?state

和文凯. 市场经济与资本主义：大分流视野下的中国明清经济史研究[J]. 清史研究.

HE Wenkai. Market Economy and Capitalism: Studies of the Ming-Qing Economic History of China from the Perspective of the Great Divergence[J]. Studies in Qing History.

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