关键词: 路票, 新疆, 商民, 清代

Abstract:

The “Road-Pass” was a certificate issued by the government to migrant populations to optimize management and control. During the Qing Dynasty, the use of “Road-Pass” were applied widely in border areas due to an unprecedented population migration from the interior to the frontier. However, the government adopted varied and inconsistent regional policies. As a result, the government management system of the “Road-Pass” varied over time and across space. In the Xinjiang region, merchants from the interior represented the majority of “Road-Pass” holders as they were the intended target population of the management system. In this article, the author describes how the “Road-Pass”for inland merchants were issued and implemented in Xinjiang, the physical form and characteristics of the road-pass, and how the Xinjiang local authorities used the system to manage and strengthen the business community. Some of historical facts, misunderstandings and doubts are discussed and clarified as well.

Key words: road-pass, inland merchants, Xinjiang, Qing dynasty