关键词: 条约, 天主教, 蒙旗, 教案, 赔教

Abstract: How Christianity was propagated in frontier regions in modern history, especially its impact on the local ethnic societies, requires further research. Catholicism was the most widely propagated western religion in Mongolia, and it also had the most profound influence. Taking advantage of the privileges which were given by the unequal treaties, Catholic missionaries broke through legal and traditional restrictions in Qing Mongolia, and successfully proselytized in the eastern and western parts of Inner Mongolia. However, the mission did not reach its initial goal to spread the religion among the Mongols and establish independent Mongolian Christian communities. Therefore, the missionaries shifted their focus to the Han-Chinese migrants in Mongol. But the special administrative system of Mongol, the nomadic economy, and Tibetan Buddhist culture, did not harmonize with Western Christianity, so after the long confrontation between the missionaries and the Mongol banners, very few Mongols converted to Christianity.