Abstract: Those who are nowadays called mountain Yao people lived not only in the mountainous region but
also in flatlands in Ming and Qing dynasty． It was at the end of the Guangxu reign that Yao people in
Guangxi had completely relocated to remote mountainous areas． The process of mountainous relocation of
Yao people shows that they are not always mountainous people． However，after the Yao people who
dwelled in flatland officially included in household registries，and owing to the separation of mountains
and rivers，the mountainous Yao people were left out of the policy of national assimilation． Therefore，
relocation to the mountains of Yao people was not due to the movement of the Yao people to mountainous
areas，but instead was due to the different effects of the assimilation policy between the flatland Yao
people and the mountain Yao people．