Abstract: The northern areas both Jiangsu and Anhui province both flooded in 1906，but the relief measures illustrated the tendency of "favor one more than another" .While northern Jiangsu province s relief was in full swing，the relief of northern Anhui province was barely underway．The study analyzes the phenomenon of favor one more than another from the two provinces different political status，financial importance，regional differences，the impact of war and other aspects to provide some insights on avoiding and ameliorating disasters in relatively backward areas． In the end，Anhui Province followed a new extraordinary path of self- relief，which not only successfully relieved the victims of the flood but also unintentionally surpassed the traditional relief system and began the process of modernization．