Abstract: There are two different views on the location of Gorbitsa River，which forms part of the boundary between China and Russia that was agreed to in the Treaty of Nerchinsk 1689.  Chinese scholars generally believe that the Gorbitsa River ( 119 °10'E，35 ° 08'N) was the old border，but some foreign scholars hold that today’s Amazar river，which is east of the present-day Gorbitsa River，was the old Gorbitsa River. This paper sorts out these two views’and data biases and their original dates. It is noteworthy that although the records on Gorbitsa River were quite different, whether west or east of the great Gorbitsa River，the records on boundary tablets were the same. The tablet was always near the west river. It turns out that the boundary river agreed on in the Treaty of Nerchinsk was the western one，and this river was called Gorbitsa River in the Treaty of Nerchinsk. Huang Yuquan Lantu，which was drawn by foreign Jesuits, mistakenly marked the Gorbitsa River on east of the great Gorbitsa River. Yet，because of its authority，a large number of subsequent maps and literature, even Western literature about China, perpetuated this mistake. These erroneous maps and literature became the source of misunderstanding for the location of the Gorbitsa River. By the dispute of the Gorbitsa River’s location, this paper reveals the shortcomings of private copying of Qing Dynasty maps and literature，and demonstrates that only by tracing back the original sources and identifying the original data，we can restore the fundamental historical truth．